18 Questions About Ballot Questions 1, 2 and 3

The following Open Forum piece in yesterday's paper is another version of some of my thoughts about the three constitutional amendments on Virginia ballots this fall.

Far from me to tell folks whether or how they should vote, but here are some of questions that run through my mind regarding what’s on the ballot this fall, for whatever they’re worth.

Ballot Question #1:

Should the Constitution of Virginia be amended to (i) protect the freedom to make personal decisions about prenatal care, childbirth, postpartum care, birth control, abortion, miscarriage management, and fertility care; (ii) protect doctors, nurses, and patients from being punished for these decisions; and (iii) allow for restrictions on access to abortion during the third trimester of pregnancy except when the patient's health is at risk or the pregnancy cannot survive?

1. Should not human life be considered precious at any stage of development, and never terminated as a convenient means of birth control? 

2. Should we ever criminalize the use of a morning after pill in the case of a twelve-year-old victim of rape or incest?

3. How should we respond when the life and/or health of a mother are at risk, or when a fetus is determined to have some serious or fatal abnormality? 

4. Are there reasonable distinctions to be made between prenatal human life and postnatal human personhood, similar to how we regard natural abortions (miscarriages), as in when or whether we give a zygote, an embryo or a viable fetus a name, count them in our census, give them a burial and memorial service, etc.?

5. Who should make the final decision in such matters, the person carrying the developing life, members of ones family (or family of faith), or the state or nation?

6. What do our scriptures say about this important subject?

Ballot Question #2:

Should the Constitution of Virginia be amended to (i) remove the ban on same-sex marriage; (ii) affirm that two adults may marry regardless of sex, gender, or race; and (iii) require all legally valid marriages to be treated equally under the law?

1. Are there natural differences among humans in this area (just as a certain percentage of people are born left-handed) or do individuals choose to be something other than heterosexual? And can they change if they undergo intensive therapy?

2. hould definitions about what constitutes a valid marriage be determined by the state or by individuals and their family and faith community?

3. Is the issue of same sex marriage something Jesus and the writers of the New Testament scriptures are absolutely clear about, or can this be considered a “disputable matter?”

4. Is society as a whole better off having those with same sex attraction being in committed, stable relationships—rather than in unstable and promiscuous ones?

5. Since celibacy has a highly respected status in the Christian tradition, is that the one and only right choice for followers of Jesus who have same sex attraction?

6.Should a major political party that championed an openly gay candidate for statewide office in 2025 now be advocating voting No on Ballot Question #2?

Ballot Question #3:

Should the Constitution of Virginia be amended (i) to provide for the fundamental right to vote in the Commonwealth, (ii) to revise the qualifications of voters so that a person convicted of a felony, while not entitled to vote during his period of incarceration, is automatically invested with the right to vote upon release from incarceration, and (iii) to update the existing prohibition on voting by persons found to be mentally incompetent to instead apply to persons who have been found to lack the capacity to understand the act of voting?

1. Is casting a ballot an inherent right of every citizen or is it a privilege one earns?

2. After offenders have paid their debt to society, as determined by a court of law, should they face additional sanctions like being disenfranchised for an indefinite period of time?

3. Are incarceration survivors who are civilly engaged more likely or less likely to reoffend?

4. Should citizens with intellectual disabilities be denied the right to vote if they at least understand what voting does or what it means?

5. If we have conflicted feelings about any of the above, is it better to simply refrain from voting (and accept the will of the majority) or just vote for the sake of having done so?

6. Above all, how do our choices align with the commitment to love our neighbors as ourselves, with the kind of love that never inflicts harm but always offers support and help to our fellow humans in need?

A Short Quiz For A Two-Part Men's Bible Study

Millions have read and appreciated Sarah Young's numerous devotional  books, the first of which was her best-selling daily devotional, Jesus Calling. In each of her published works she has Jesus personally addressing individual believers with promises and blessings based on selected scriptures.

As a part of the Men's Bible Study group that meets Tuesday mornings at the Park View Mennonite Church, I'm to lead a two-part series on Christian citizenship on October 27 and November 3 (my apologies for this being for men only, but that's another subject). 

My objective in this study is to show how the Bible, much as it is intended to bless individual believers, is largely addressed to whole communities of people ("you all"), and that our primary identity and mission has to do with our membership in our family, our faith family and the worldwide family of God's reign on earth.

We will also note that we are to be responsible citizens of our local communities, of our city or county, and of our state and our nation. In short, each of us is our brother's and sister's keepers, and none of us live only as autonomous individuals, but are responsible both to God and to our neighbors.

As a teaching device, I'm using this "Short Quiz For Christian Citizens, Part I," for this Tuesday's 7 am lesson, which is preceded by a simple breakfast at 6:45. 

(Part II, for the following week, will focus on New Testament texts)

T F 1. The word citizen comes from a word for city, and refers to “a resident member of a community, town, city or nation.”

T F 2. The word political has to do with the polity (policies), civic affairs and governance of a community, town, city or nation of which we are inevitably a part.

T F 3. The Bible is non-political, in that it deals with the inner spiritual life of individuals in preparation for the kingdom to come, while politics is about our public life in the here and now, governed by secular authorities ordained by God.

T F 4. The first civil entity God ordained is the family, a small civilization whose members (citizens) are to honor their elders and freely help and support each other.

T F 5. Both male and female citizens made in God’s image are to exercise responsible sovereignty over, and stewardship of, the earth on God’s behalf.

T F 6. Adam’s companion, taken from his side, is created as a “helper suitable for him,” the word helper being the same Hebrew word as in the psalmist’s, “The Lord is my helper.”

T F 7. The majority of the 39 books that make up the First Covenant are addressed to, and are about, God’s called out people (and sometimes to the people of surrounding nations).

T F 8. Many of our Old Testament books were written during and/or are about times when God’s people were without their own land, and highlight stories of key leaders in exile like Joseph, Moses, Daniel, Jeremiah and others.

T F 9. The Shepherd’s Psalm (23), while usually read as the personal experience of an individual believer, uses the metaphor of sheep, which are always a part of a flock or herd (as in the word shepherd), and describe our being a part of a blessed and forever house (household) of God.

T F 10. The oft quoted phrase “Be still and know that I am God,” is best understood as an invitation for individual believers to take time for quiet meditation and reflection on God in a way that restores inner peace (Psalm 46).

T F 11. The Isaiah 1:18 text that offers forgiveness and salvation even if our sins “are like scarlet” and “red like crimson,” refers primarily to our need for personal repentance.

T F 12. Jeremiah 29:11 (“I know the plans I have for you…”) is one of many examples of God affirming the first of Bill Bright’s “Four Spiritual Laws,”“God loves you and has a wonderful plan for your (individual) life.”

T F 13. Hymn #173 in Voices Together (The Lord Your God Is With You) is based on a text in the Bible,

Zephaniah 3:17, that is focused on God’s personal, rather than communal, care for us.

T F 14. In the First Testament God’s people are to pledge their allegiance and loyalty to God’s heaven-governed nation alone, and are never to become actual citizens, but only resident aliens and ambassadors, of any other nation in which they might temporarily live (Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, etc.).

T F 15. God’s people are commanded to provide help and hospitality to citizens of any other nations who live among them as immigrants and strangers.

T F 16. The descendants of Abraham, the people of Israel, are blessed in order to become an agent of God’ salvation and blessing to all nations in the world.

T F 17. Stories in the Hebrew Bible of people’s direct encounters with God usually have to do with their being called out as prophets and leaders of God’s people.

T F 18. Most adults in Bible times were literate and had access to their own copy of the Torah.

T F 19. God’s eternal empire/reign is God’s priority. All other nations are as a ‘drop in a bucket.’

20. Underline the Old Testament books you see as addressed primarily to individual believers.

Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy
Joshua Judges Ruth 1 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings 2 Kings 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles Ezra
Nehemiah Esther
Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes Song of Songs
Isaiah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi

Key: 1. T, 2. T, 3. F, 4. T, 5. T, 6. T, 7. T, 8. T, 9. F, 10. F, 11. F, 12. F, 13. F, 14. T, 15. T, 16. T, 17. T, 18. F, 19. T, 20. some of the Psalms, much of Proverbs

Are We Going The Way Of The Roman Republic?

Since reading this fascinating book, I haven't 
been able to shake the feeling that we may be
facing the same demise as that of this once
powerful empire.

I'm not an expert on the history of the Roman empire or on the story of our own, but I do find some striking parallels between the two world powers. 

For example, what is now the United States was also first governed by a monarchy, then as a republic, and then...

Here's the fascinating Roman story:

The Roman Kingdom was  founded in 753 BC and was successful in establishing colonies well beyond its borders. Kings continued to rule the new nation until the monarchy was overthrown in 509 BC. The resulting  Roman Republic was ruled by officials elected by a legislative assembly.

Julius Caesar, one of the more powerful of these elected rulers, was elevated by the Roman Senate to the status of a god after his assassination in 44 BC. His son Octavian proclaimed himself "the son of a god" and was named "Augustus" (majestic) and "Princeps" (first) by the Senate. He was later honored with the title "Pater Patriae" (father of the country).   

Octavian, now known as Caesar Augustus, was emperor at the time of Jesus's birth, and was revered as one of a pantheon of Roman deities. He became known as the first emperor of the expanding Roman empire, effectively ending the republic that had existed for centuries. The Roman Senate wasn't abolished, but became a rubber stamp for his policies. 

Many of the emperors that followed, notably rulers like Caligula, Claudius, Nero and Domitian, had elaborate temples erected for the veneration of the empire, and subjects were to offer token sacrifices as signs of their pledge of allegiance to the emperor ("Caesar is Lord"). Domitian, the virtual dictator in power when the New Testament book of Revelation was written, declared himself "Dominus et Deus" (Lord and god) and persecuted Jews and Christians who refused to comply with his orders. Christians, of course had their own alternative confession, "Jesus is Lord," and opposed any such pledge.

The gradual decline and ultimate fall of the empire occurred over centuries of time. After a thousand-year history, Rome, like every other world empire, eventually came to an end. 

Here is a helpful analysis in a Wikipedia article:

The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided among several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians posit factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the emperors, the internal struggles for power, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil administration. Increasing pressure from invading peoples outside Roman culture also contributed greatly to the collapse. Climatic changes and both endemic and epidemic diseases drove many of these immediate factors. The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the historiography of the ancient world and they inform much modern discourse on state failure.

History may not repeat itself, but there are often significant parallels we can take lessons from, the first being that no world empire lasts forever.

Some Reflections On Ballot Questions 1, 2 and 3

Should followers of Jesus weigh in on the three ballot
questions that have to do with amending our state
constitution? 

The older I get, the more I realize that since I will never know everything about everything, I can never assume to be absolutely right about everything. So take these reflections as food for thought, not as irrefutable truths:

Ballot Question #1:

Should the Constitution of Virginia be amended to (i) protect the freedom to make personal decisions about prenatal care, childbirth, postpartum care, birth control, abortion, miscarriage management, and fertility care; (ii) protect doctors, nurses, and patients from being punished for these decisions; and (iii) allow for restrictions on access to abortion during the third trimester of pregnancy except when the patient's health is at risk or the pregnancy cannot survive?

To be clear, I believe human life should be considered precious at any stage of development, and never terminated as a convenient means of birth control. However, there may still be some questions worth considering and praying over, like whether we should criminalize the use of a morning after pill in the case of a twelve-year-old victim of rape or incest, to cite an extreme example.

Some reflections: Throughout history we have made distinctions between prenatal human life and postnatal human personhood. In the frequent cases of natural abortions (many happening even before individuals know they are pregnant), we don't consider miscarriages in quite the same way as we do the loss of an already born baby. That is, we don't normally name miscarried zygotes, embryos or fetuses, issue birth or death certificates, count them in any census, or have a memorial service for the miscarried human life. But we do all of these when we welcome an addition to the family at birth or memorialize the loss of a born baby. This doesn't at all mean we should not take miscarriages seriously, or minimize the deep grief so often associated with the loss of an anticipated new member of a family.

But should all terminations of a pregnancy, at whatever stage, be considered an act of murder, as in the killing of a baby person? And should any of us assume the right to make all such judgments, or should that right, and that responsibility, be reserved for the person (and their family and congregational family) carrying a precious human life in formation? And are there easy answers in cases where exceptional factors are at play, like the life and health of a mother being at risk, or when there is a fetus with some serious or fatal abnormality? And should not men be held primarily responsible for unwanted pregnancies rather than women carrying that responsibility alone?

Here are some further thoughts: 

https://harvyoder.blogspot.com/2022/06/we-need-ongoing-conversations-about.html

Ballot Question #2:

Should the Constitution of Virginia be amended to (i) remove the ban on same-sex marriage; (ii) affirm that two adults may marry regardless of sex, gender, or race; and (iii) require all legally valid marriages to be treated equally under the law?

Few issues have created so much distress or caused so much division as the question of whether, how, or why some people are born with differing sexual or gender orientations or characteristics. In my years of counseling and pastoral experience, I've come to accept the fact that virtually no one actually chooses to be orientated differently from the majority of their peers, and that in fact many would give anything to experience what most consider "normal" heterosexual relationships. 

But there do appear to be natural differences in the human family in this area, just as some people are born left-handed, some right-handed, and some are ambidextrous, for no known or preventable reason. After learning to know and respect many differently-oriented individuals over a lifetime, I no longer see this as having an easy answer. At the very least, I have to ask whether society is better off having gay and lesbian individuals in committed and stable relationships rather than having them experience secretive, unstable and/or promiscuous ones. I do believe celibacy can clearly be a God-honoring choice for any of us, especially since Jesus himself was celibate, but realize that's a hard ask, and may be more difficult for some than others. I also realize that fellow believers who take the Bible seriously don't all come to the same conclusions about this kind of "disputable matter."

And is there any hypocrisy involved in a major political party in Virginia championing an openly gay candidate for statewide office in 2025 and now advocating for voting No to Ballot Question #2? 

Here are some more reflections: 

https://harvyoder.blogspot.com/2014/11/we-need-help-in-discerning-what-are.html

Ballot Question #3:

Should the Constitution of Virginia be amended (i) to provide for the fundamental right to vote in the Commonwealth, (ii) to revise the qualifications of voters so that a person convicted of a felony is not entitled to vote during his period of incarceration but is automatically invested with the right to vote upon release from incarceration, and (iii) to update the existing prohibition on voting by persons found to be mentally incompetent to instead apply to persons who have been found to lack the capacity to understand the act of voting?

While I will never know everything about everything, I affirm this one without reservation. The other two I may pray more about before I settle on a simple yes, no or blank response. 

September DN-R Justice Matters Guest Column

Stephano Colosi has been incarcerated since 2000 and is dedicated to justice reform, especially as it pertains to youthful offenders and aging persons in prison. His column appeared in Friday's paper. Justice Matters columns are provided by members of the Valley Justice Coalition, a local citizen voice for criminal justice reform in our community and in the Commonwealth since 2014.

Youthful Offenders, Serious Crimes, and Redemption

Stephano 'Nick' Colosi

The punishment of youthful offenders who commit serious crimes raises one of the most difficult questions in criminal justice. How should society balance accountability and public safety with the recognition that a young person is not yet a fully developed adult? Modern neuroscience, criminology, and rehabilitation research increasingly demonstrate that youthfulness matters--not to excuse serious crime, but to recognize a person's ability to grow and change.

The Developing Youth Brain

Brain development continues well beyond adolescence. The prefrontal systems responsible for impulse control, judgement, planning, risk assessment, and consideration of long-term consequences continue developing into the mid 20's. A major Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention ("OJJDP") study of 1,354 serious juvenile offenders found that desistance from crime was associated with increasing psychosocial maturity and that brain development plays an important role in the transition away from offending.

This does not mean that every young offender will change. Rather, it means that age at the time of the offense is an important factor in assessing culpability and future dangerousness. The United States Supreme Court in Graham v. Florida (560 U.S. 48, 2010), recognized this principle in cases limiting the harshest punishment for juveniles, including mandatory life without parole.

Why Young People Commit Crime

Youthful criminal behavior rarely has a single cause. Environmental circumstances can include poverty, unstable homes, abuse, neglect, exposure to violence, substance abuse, dysfunctional families, and association with the welfare system. Peer pressure and association with criminal adults can also strongly influence decision-making.

Learned behavior is another important factor. Children who repeatedly observe violence, criminal conduct, or substance abuse may come to believe those behaviors are normal. Adolescents may be particularly susceptible to peer influence because their desire for acceptance and immediate rewards can outweigh consideration of long-term consequences.

"These salient characteristics mean that it is difficult even for expert psychologists to differentiate between the juvenile whose crime reflects unfortunate, yet transient immaturity, and the rare juvenile offender whose crime reflects irreparable corruption. Accordingly, juvenile offenders cannot with reliability be classified among the worst offenders." (HN 6, Graham v. Florida)

- Stephano Colosi 1037581 welcomes mail at Buckingham Correctional Center, P.O. Box 430, Dillwyn, Va 23936

September 23-26 Film Festival Blesses Many

Coffee Hour conversation with Virginia Mennonite Retirement Community's Park Village residents.

The Shenandoah Valley InThrive Film Festival, featuring stories by and about incarceration survivors, got off to an animated start at VMRC's Village Hall Wednesday. This was followed by screenings at EMU, Mary Baldwin University and Bridgewater College, with a concluding event yesterday at the Divine Unity Community Church in Harrisonburg. 

Thanks to the good work of InThrive's founder David Smith and many others, some 750 people benefited from the films, discussion panels (made up of formerly incarceration persons) and art work created by men and women in our local jails.     

Our special thanks to all who supported this Valley Justice Coalition effort, Park Rose Apartments, Cook Attorneys, Hometown Realty Group, Bridgewater College, VMRC and Park View Federal Credit Union.

Soli Deo gloria.

A sample of some of the creative work done by men and women in our local jails, without the benefit of any art supplies being made available to them.

Note: The Valley Justice Coalition meets via Zoom on the 2nd and 4th Monday noon of each month. This Monday, 9/28/26, Sheba Williams of the Richmond-based Nolef Turns group will lead a conversation on the restoration the voting rights of formerly incarcerated persons in Virginia. You may contact me at harvyoder@gmail.com for a link.

Some Somber Thoughts While On Interstate 81

Last week Alma Jean and I braved Interstate 81  traffic to attend the 70-year reunion of her Lancaster Mennonite School high school graduating class. There we reflected on the changes we've all experienced in the many years that have gone by, along with noting all the members of the 1956 class who are no longer with us. All of this was sobering enough, but other issues also occupied my mind while en route.

An Unsustainable Volume of Highway Traffic

     Alma Jean often recalls her many trips to and from Eastern Mennonite College (now EMU) from Juniata County in Pennsylvania after graduating from LMS. All of these were via Highway 11 from Harrisburg to Harrisonburg. 

     The volume of cars and trucks on I-81 today has far exceeded the increase in population in the decades that followed. Improved roads built for higher speeds inevitably generate more traffic, and the increase in the number of trucks bearing all of the exotic (versus native) foods and other consumer goods we demand has also greatly added to the traffic on the highway. I especially noticed the number of Amazon Prime trucks delivering all the stuff we now buy online. 

     With diesel fuel at over $6 a gallon in vehicles that average 6-7 MPG, it's not hard to imagine how all of this is driving up costs, polluting our air and accelerating the pace of climate change. 

An Unimaginable Amount Of Corn Grown For Animal Consumption

     Acre after acre of field corn along rural areas of Interstate 81 are sure signs of America's unsustainable appetite for beef, poultry and dairy products, all requiring tons of grain, especially corn, to produce. How much we could reduce or entirely eliminate world hunger, I wondered, if we were growing twice the grain, bean and other vegetable crops on the world's agricultural land, food that could go more directly from our fields to the plates of families around the world. 

     Alma Jean and I haven't gone 100% vegetarian, and we still enjoy milk with our morning cereal, use eggs in many of our recipes, and indulge in some over-processed and over-packaged food products from our nearby supermarket. But we are finding local produce and food grown in our 10' x 60' garden ever more satisfying, especially as we realize it takes six pounds of grain in a feedlot to produce a pound of beef at the supermarket. 

    This high demand for beef contributes to more and more of the Amazon rain forest, the "lungs  of the planet," being destroyed, which further contributes to climate change and other dire conditions our children and grandchildren will be left to face. Hence the word somber in my title.

    But what do you think?